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排序方式: 共有1401条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
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Dev SB Caban JB Nanda GS Bleecher SD Rabussay DP Moerland TS Gibbs SJ Locke BR 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2002,20(5):389-394
Recently, a new type of cancer treatment has been introduced that combines pulsed electric fields (PEF) with anticancer drugs. The proposed mode of action is that PEF create transient pores in the membranes which allow entry of drugs into the cells. This method increases cytotoxicity of some anticancer drugs like bleomycin (BLM) by 2-3 orders of magnitude, which, in turn, reduces systemic drug dosage without decreasing efficacy. In the present study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to determine changes in apparent water self-diffusion coefficients (ADC) and spin-lattice (T(1)) and spin-spin (T(2)) relaxation times that occur in an animal laryngeal tumor (HEp-2 cells) model with BLM delivered by PEF. A Bruker 14 Tesla (600 MHz) wide-bore spectrometer with micro-imaging capability was used to generate all the data. Mice carrying approximately 8 mm tumors were treated with several combinations of drug and PEF. All measurements were made on tumor samples excised from mice 24 and 48 hours after treatment with (i) saline, intratumor injection (i.t.), (ii) BLM, i.t., (iii) saline with PEF, and (iv) BLM, i.t., followed by PEF. Although T(1) does not differ between the controls (i, ii, and iii) and full treatment (iv) 6.72 +/- 0.20 s vs. 6.31 +/- 1.7 s, T(2) for (iv) at 24 hours is significantly different from the controls 52.4 +/- 0.91 ms vs. 46.5 +/- 1.54 ms. T(2) differences between treatment and controls disappear at 48 hours. ADC increases significantly from 24 to 48 hours (7.31 +/- 0.16 x 10(-6) to 8.28 +/- 0.28 x 10(-6) cm(2)/sec, p = 0.05). Longer T(2) values may reflect early apoptosis and tumor death when the tumor is structurally less dense. Higher ADC's, associated with the periphery of the tumors and the central region, may indicate loose structural organization and necrosis resulting from the combination treatment. 相似文献
94.
KAM theory in configuration space 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
A new approach to the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser theory concerning the existence of invariant tori having prescribed frequencies
is presented. It is based on the Lagrangian formalism in configuration space instead of the Hamiltonian formalism in phase
space used in earlier approaches. In particular, the construction of the invariant tori avoids the composition of infinitely
many coordinate transformations. The regularity results obtained are applied to invariant curves of monotone twist maps. The
Lagrangian approach has been prompted by a recent study of minimal foliations for variational problems on a torus by J. Moser.
This research has been supported by the Nuffields Foundation under grant SCI/180/173/G and by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk. 相似文献
95.
Two types of side group polysiloxanes which differ in their spacer between backbone and mesogenic part were synthesized via polymer analogous reaction. The impact of an oxygen atom localized in the γ position to the siloxane main chain on the ferroelectric properties was investigated. In addition, the link between the terminal chiral moiety and the mesogenic part in each series was varied. The phase transition behaviour, spontaneous polarization and the electro-optical response time for the two series of polymers are compared. The mesophase structures were determined by X-ray measurements on magnetically oriented samples at different temperatures. The additional oxygen atom in the spacer near to the main chain leads to broader range smectic C* phases and shorter electro-optical response times, which suggests that the ether linkage promotes a better decoupling between main chain and mesogenic side group. 相似文献
96.
97.
Liquid crystalline side group polymers with azo-chromophores and fluorinated tails of varying length
Ralf Ruhmann Thomas Thiele Dietmar Wolff Dietrich Prescher Jü rgen Springer 《Liquid crystals》1996,21(3):307-312
A series of side group liquid crystalline polymethacrylates with 4'-(1H,1H-perfluoroalkoxy)-azobenzene mesogenic units was synthesized and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods depending on the tail length. The phase behaviour is discussed as a function of the length of the tail groups. Very high clearing temperatures up to 290°C were observed for the polymers with long tail groups. 相似文献
98.
Dietmar Treiber 《Archiv der Mathematik》1973,24(1):71-80
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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100.